Commerce international

Data insights

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International trade is the backbone of the global economy, facilitating the exchange of goods, services, and ideas across borders. It fosters economic growth, enhances productivity, and drives innovation. This collection of thematic insights delves into key aspects of international trade, offering a deeper understanding of its diverse components.

World export growth stalls in Q2 2025

Volume of merchandise exports, Q1 2005=100, seasonally adjusted

UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat.

This index indicates the change in exports, adjusted for the movement of prices, relative to the base quarter. Seasonal adjustment is based on X-12-ARIMA.

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Q2 2025

Seasonally adjusted world export volumes grew by only 0.1% in the second quarter of 2025, after a strong 3.7% expansion in Q1. They are nowcasted to grow by 1% and 1.2% in the third and fourth quarters, respectively.
Developing economies recorded export growth of 0.6%, compared to 5.7% in the previous quarter. Exports from developed economies declined by 0.3%, following a 2.0% increase in Q1 2025.

Data updated on 10 oct 2025

The Western Asia and Northern Africa region has the highest export concentration ratio

Product concentration index of exports, 2024

UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat.

This index measures the extent to which a large share of exports is accounted for by a small number of product groups. The index has a value of 1 when an economy exports only one group of products and a value of 0 if all product groups are equally represented.

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In 2024, the regions with the most diversified exports over products were Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean, as indicated by a product concentration index of exports of around 0.10. Western Asia and Northern Africa (0.27) was the region in which exports were most concentrated on few products, and Oceania (0.26) and Sub-Saharan Africa (0.22) were also relatively less diverse exporters. On a country basis, the top five least diversified exporters were (Micronesia (0.90), Marshall Islands (0.88), Iraq (0.87), Libya (0.86) and Nauru (0.84).

Data updated on 15 oct 2025

Food exports have been the most diversified product group over the last decade

Market concentration index of exports

UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat.

This index measures the extent to which a high proportion of exports is delivered by a small number of economies. It has a value of 1 if all exports originate from a single economy.

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Looking at the geographic distribution of exports by product group, manufactured products have the highest concentration of global supply from a few exporting economies since 2005. In 2024, its market concentration index stood at 0.20. Fuels (0.15) and agricultural raw materials (0.14) ranked second and third, respectively. The index of ores, metals, precious stones and non-monetary gold has averaged 0.13 over the last 10 years. Food is the product group whose exports have been the most diversified over the last decade, showing an index score of 0.12 in 2024.

Data updated on 15 oct 2025

Metadonnées

This insight presents different indices that can be used to analyze trade flows and trade patterns over time from the perspective of, for example, relative competitiveness, structure of global exports and imports markets, or the importance of trade for the economy, both for individual economies and for groups of economies. 

Further guidance on their interpretation can be obtained from “Indicators Explained”.

Full metadata are available in our Data Centre for:

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