Environnement et commerce associé

The global value of exports of biodiversity-based goods reached $3.780 trillion in 2024. This trade showed considerable resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, growing until 2022 and recording a moderate slowdown in 2023. Total exports for 2024 are likely to be higher as some economies have not yet reported data.

Europe continued to lead exports of biodiversity-based products, totaling $1.898 trillion in 2024 and accounting for half of global biodiversity-based products’ exports in that year. It is followed by Asia and Oceania with 26% and Americas with 21%. Exports of biodiversity-based products from African countries amounted  $74.6 billion (a likely underestimate due to reporting lag), representing 2% of global exports. 

In 2024, global exports of biodiversity-based products totaled $3.78 trillion, with food and beverage products leading at $1.45 trillion, followed by pharmaceuticals ($704 billion) and wood and derived products ($402 billion). Natural fibres ($340 billion) and natural ingredients ($313 billion) also represented significant shares, while other categories such as perfumery, cosmetics, and agricultural inputs contributed smaller amounts.

UNCTAD provides data to inform the monitoring framework of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), including the complementary indicator CY.8 – Growth rate of biodiversity-based goods and services, since 2022.

Over the past decade, growth has fluctuated considerably. Following a strong post COVID-19 pandemic growth in 2021 (+17.9%), growth remained postive with moderate gains in 2022 (+4.8%), a slight decline in 2023 (–1.8%), and renewed growth in 2024 (+3.2%).