International trade

Data insights

International trade is the backbone of the global economy, facilitating the exchange of goods, services and ideas across borders. It fosters economic growth, enhances productivity and drives innovation. This collection of thematic insights delves into key aspects of international trade, offering a deeper understanding of its diverse components.

Least Developed Countries exports faced 0–7% tariffs from major trading partners in 2023

Effectively applied tariffs imposed by top 5 partners on exports of manufactured goods and ores and metals, weighted average, percentage, 2023

UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat.

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In 2023, the weighted average of effectively applied tariffs on exports of manufactured goods and ores and metals from LDCs ranged between 0% and 7.36% among their main trading partners - namely the European Union, China, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, and India. 

Data updated on 15 Oct 2025

Latin American countries imposed highest tariffs on Least Developed Countries exports, led by Colombia at 35%

Highest effectively applied tariffs on exports of manufactured goods and ores and metals, weighted average, percentage, 2023

UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat.

See metadata.

The highest import duties to exports from LDCs were imposed by Latin American countries: Colombia (35%), Venezuela (34%), Bolivia (32%), and Brazil (32%), followed by Morocco (30%).

In contrast, the highest weighted average tariffs on exports of these product groups from developing economies were applied by Bermuda (29%), Cameroon (19%), and Equatorial Guinea (18%).

Data updated on 15 Oct 2025

Metadata

Average tariff of a market country for an origin group is calculated by taking those products (at HS 6-digit level) that are imported by the market country from each country included in the origin group. i.e., tariff rates for those products that are not traded are not included in the calculation.

Product categories are defined in terms of SITC Revision 3 and all corresponding Harmonized System (HS) 6-digit codes have been aggregated for each category. 

Full metadata are available in our Data Centre for Import tariff rates on non-agricultural and non-fuel products, annual.

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