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General profile: Romania

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR 2023
Exchange rate
Population
Population
Exchange rates
GDP
GDP
19.118 Millions
..
350 776 Millions current US$
Land area¹
Land area
CPI growth (%)
CPI growth
GDP growth
GDP growth
(u) 230 080 km²
10.40 %
2.40 %
INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE TRADE
More data on UNCTADstat
+4.0 %
Merchandise exports growth rate in 2023
Total merchandise trade
(millions of US$)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Merchandise exports
27 688
49 579
60 595
100 607
Merchandise imports
40 518
62 109
69 824
131 930
Merchandise trade balance
-12 831
-12 530
-9 229
-31 324
Export structure by product group in 2023
(as % of total exports)
3 %3 %78 %78 %5 %5 %13 %13 %
Top 5 partners in 2023
(exports, millions of US$)
20 97310 2276 3835 6994 17820 97310 2276 3835 6994 178
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES
More data on UNCTADstat
Total trade in services²
(millions of US$)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Services exports
9 668
10 380
19 058
43 749
Services imports
5 498
8 396
11 493
29 156
Services trade balance
4 170
1 984
7 565
14 592
Services exports by main category²
(as % of total services)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Transport
17.1
24.9
31.4
26.4
Travel
10.9
10.9
9.7
11.4
Other services
24.3
48.8
41.9
52.7
TRADE INDICES
More data on UNCTADstat
11010910297107109110106100969081847663686356959595979697981001009899991009998989899
ECONOMIC TRENDS
More data on UNCTADstat
+2.4 %
Gross domestic product growth rate in 2023
Economic indicators
(millions of US$ unless otherwise specified)
2005
2010
2015
2023
GDP, current
98 454
170 064
177 885
350 776
GDP per capita, current US$
4 641
8 323
8 952
18 348
Real GDP growth, y-on-y, %
4.67
-3.91
3.16
2.40
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.67
-4.99
-0.78
-6.98
Exchange rate (/US$)
2.914
3.178
4.006
..
GDP by expenditure in 2022
(as % of total GDP)
63.216.727.043.450.363.216.727.043.450.3
FDI AND EXTERNAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES
More data on UNCTADstat
0 %
FDI outflows as % of GDP in 2023
Financial flows
(millions of US$ unless otherwise specified)
2005
2010
2015
2023
FDI inflows
6 152.30
2 997.17
3 840.47
7 130.11
FDI outflows
-39.80
-50.06
562.43
40.32
Personal remittances, % of GDP
..
..
3.03
2.76
Financial flows trends
(millions of US$)
9 692.68 781.39 115.87 625.78 142.06 984.06 555.75 929.85 391.45 083.57 13010 57210 5743 4325 7916 2195 4195 0003 8403 2163 6023 1992 3632 9974 66513 4929 73310 8586 1526 4362 1961 1411 1581 057FDI Inwards flowsFDI Inwards flowsFDI Inwards flowsMigrant's remittances receiptsMigrant's remittances receiptsMigrant's remittances receipts
TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES
More data on UNCTADstat
Trade balance indicators²
(as % and index)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Balance, % of GDP
-10.23
-6.52
-0.82
-4.77
Balance, % of imports
-29.46
-17.10
-1.95
-10.87
Normalized balance
-0.173
-0.093
-0.010
-0.057
Trade openness²
(sum of imports and exports as % of GDP)
83948778848687868483817676705966646259
LIVING AREA
Population by living area in 2023
(% of population)
Urban 55%Urban 55%Rural 45%Rural 45%
OTHER INDICATORS
More data on UNCTADstat
0.004 %
Share of the total world merchant fleet in 2023
Maritime transport indicators
 
2005
2010
2015
2023
Merchant fleet, national flag (thousands of DWT)
481
244
78
80
Container port throughput (TEU)
..
556 694
689 012
830 201
Information economy indicators
(as % of)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Share of ICT goods, % of total exports
2.12
8.37
3.66
3.15
Share of ICT goods, % of total imports
6.70
9.23
7.11
7.16
Share of workforce involved in the ICT sector
..
1.52
2.10
..
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat (https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre)
Notes:
1
Land area refers to the total area of a country excluding area under inland water bodies. It differs from the country area, that includes area under inland water bodies, but excludes offshore territorial waters.
2
Statistics presented correspond to the 6th edition of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, 2009).
u
Estimated. Data refers to 2020.
Symbols for missing values:
0
Zero means that the amount is nil or negligible
..
No value reported or collected
_
Not applicable
...
Not available, including no quotation
#
Non-relevant calculation
-
Not publishable
***
Negative accumulation of flows; Value included in regional and global totals
Abbreviations & acronyms:
DWT:
Dead weight tons
FDI:
Foreign direct investment
GDP:
Gross domestic product
ICT:
Information and communication technology
TEU:
Twenty foot equivalent unit
US$:
United States dollar
Disclaimer:
The designations employed and the presentation of the material on the UNCTAD Data Hub do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Where the designations "economy" or "country or area" appear in texts or tables, they cover regions, countries, territories, cities or areas.

UNCTAD strives for the highest level of accuracy and is committed to promptly correcting any errors on its part. It does not guarantee or make any express or implied representations regarding the accuracy, reliability, correctness, fitness for use for a particular purpose, or otherwise, whatsoever, of any of the tables in the UNCTAD Data Hub.
Generation date: 15 April 2025