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General profile: Germany

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR 2023
Exchange rate
Population
Population
Exchange rates
GDP
GDP
84.548 Millions
..
4 525 704 Millions current US$
Land area¹
Land area
CPI growth (%)
CPI growth
GDP growth
GDP growth
(u) 349 390 km²
6.03 %
-0.27 %
INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE TRADE
More data on UNCTADstat
+1.5 %
Merchandise exports growth rate in 2023
Total merchandise trade
(millions of US$)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Merchandise exports
970 914
1 258 924
1 326 206
1 702 278
Merchandise imports
777 073
1 054 814
1 051 132
1 467 598
Merchandise trade balance
193 842
204 110
275 074
234 680
Export structure by product group in 2023
(as % of total exports)
6 %6 %87 %87 %6 %6 %
Top 5 partners in 2023
(exports, millions of US$)
171 651125 939119 116105 95496 218171 651125 939119 116105 95496 218
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES
More data on UNCTADstat
Total trade in services²
(millions of US$)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Services exports
(e) 166 093
225 234
281 060
(e) 438 894
Services imports
209 354
263 537
301 603
(e) 502 289
Services trade balance
(e) -43 261
-38 303
-20 544
(e) -63 395
Services exports by main category²
(as % of total services)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Transport
22.5
24.8
20.1
(e) 21.7
Travel
17.5
15.4
13.1
(e) 8.5
Other services
(e) 55.0
56.1
61.3
(e) 63.1
TRADE INDICES
More data on UNCTADstat
93909390100102104103100959190918879919488102969910110099100102100979593949699939696
ECONOMIC TRENDS
More data on UNCTADstat
-0.3 %
Gross domestic product growth rate in 2023
Economic indicators
(millions of US$ unless otherwise specified)
2005
2010
2015
2023
GDP, current
2 893 393
3 468 154
3 423 568
4 525 704
GDP per capita, current US$
35 265
42 906
41 711
53 528
Real GDP growth, y-on-y, %
0.89
4.15
1.65
-0.27
Current account balance, % of GDP
4.68
5.78
8.58
6.24
Exchange rate (/US$)
0.804
0.754
0.901
..
GDP by expenditure in 2022
(as % of total GDP)
52.522.023.045.843.352.522.023.045.843.3
FDI AND EXTERNAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES
More data on UNCTADstat
+2.3 %
FDI outflows as % of GDP in 2023
Financial flows
(millions of US$ unless otherwise specified)
2005
2010
2015
2023
FDI inflows
47 449.80
65 642.99
20 339.54
36 697.69
FDI outflows
74 543.07
125 450.81
88 779.91
101 253.75
Personal remittances, % of GDP
0.24
0.38
0.46
0.46
Financial flows trends
(millions of US$)
20 430.819 006.219 526.018 174.818 339.318 903.417 692.315 192.015 565.817 048.616 395.714 637.015 337.112 788.812 344.810 973.79 767.57 484.16 863.96 515.55 748.44 653.63 883.03 603.536 69827 41151 21869 95452 68472 02248 39022 68020 340-47112 77728 18167 51465 64323 8068 12780 21255 65547 450-10 19232 37753 52226 402198 279FDI Inwards flowsFDI Inwards flowsFDI Inwards flowsMigrant's remittances receiptsMigrant's remittances receiptsMigrant's remittances receipts
TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES
More data on UNCTADstat
Trade balance indicators²
(as % and index)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Balance, % of GDP
(e) 5.06
4.98
7.34
(e) 4.12
Balance, % of imports
(e) 16.31
14.51
20.84
(e) 10.54
Normalized balance
(e) 0.075
0.068
0.094
(e) 0.050
Trade openness²
(sum of imports and exports as % of GDP)
82898073797977767877777978746676757367
LIVING AREA
Population by living area in 2023
(% of population)
Urban 78%Urban 78%Rural 22%Rural 22%
OTHER INDICATORS
More data on UNCTADstat
0.319 %
Share of the total world merchant fleet in 2023
Maritime transport indicators
 
2005
2010
2015
2023
Merchant fleet, national flag (thousands of DWT)
9 381
17 570
12 560
7 271
Container port throughput (TEU)
..
13 037 702
14 988 243
12 660 224
Information economy indicators
(as % of)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Share of ICT goods, % of total exports
7.75
4.60
4.41
4.78
Share of ICT goods, % of total imports
11.08
7.94
8.17
7.85
Share of workforce involved in the ICT sector
..
2.26
2.66
..
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat (https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre)
Notes:
1
Land area refers to the total area of a country excluding area under inland water bodies. It differs from the country area, that includes area under inland water bodies, but excludes offshore territorial waters.
2
Statistics presented correspond to the 6th edition of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, 2009).
e
Estimated.
u
Estimated. Data refers to 2020.
Symbols for missing values:
0
Zero means that the amount is nil or negligible
..
No value reported or collected
_
Not applicable
...
Not available, including no quotation
#
Non-relevant calculation
-
Not publishable
***
Negative accumulation of flows; Value included in regional and global totals
Abbreviations & acronyms:
DWT:
Dead weight tons
FDI:
Foreign direct investment
GDP:
Gross domestic product
ICT:
Information and communication technology
TEU:
Twenty foot equivalent unit
US$:
United States dollar
Disclaimer:
The designations employed and the presentation of the material on the UNCTAD Data Hub do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Where the designations "economy" or "country or area" appear in texts or tables, they cover regions, countries, territories, cities or areas.

UNCTAD strives for the highest level of accuracy and is committed to promptly correcting any errors on its part. It does not guarantee or make any express or implied representations regarding the accuracy, reliability, correctness, fitness for use for a particular purpose, or otherwise, whatsoever, of any of the tables in the UNCTAD Data Hub.
Generation date: 15 April 2025