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General profile: Estonia

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR 2023
Exchange rate
Population
Population
Exchange rates
GDP
GDP
1.367 Millions
..
41 291 Millions current US$
Land area¹
Land area
CPI growth (%)
CPI growth
GDP growth
GDP growth
(u) 42 750 km²
9.12 %
-3.02 %
INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE TRADE
More data on UNCTADstat
-14.1 %
Merchandise exports growth rate in 2023
Total merchandise trade
(millions of US$)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Merchandise exports
7 716
11 591
12 836
19 633
Merchandise imports
10 238
12 287
14 521
22 856
Merchandise trade balance
-2 523
-696
-1 685
-3 223
Export structure by product group in 2023
(as % of total exports)
3 %3 %68 %68 %9 %9 %7 %7 %14 %14 %
Top 5 partners in 2023
(exports, millions of US$)
3 1042 3341 8391 6361 2823 1042 3341 8391 6361 282
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES
More data on UNCTADstat
Total trade in services²
(millions of US$)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Services exports
3 473
4 734
5 862
12 615
Services imports
2 257
2 946
3 987
9 798
Services trade balance
1 216
1 788
1 876
2 817
Services exports by main category²
(as % of total services)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Transport
36.9
39.4
31.8
21.7
Travel
28.0
22.7
25.5
11.9
Other services
25.2
34.7
36.5
61.4
TRADE INDICES
More data on UNCTADstat
105119128118114116108105100103104104105846879818110098102104100101100102100100101100102104105100103100
ECONOMIC TRENDS
More data on UNCTADstat
-3.0 %
Gross domestic product growth rate in 2023
Economic indicators
(millions of US$ unless otherwise specified)
2005
2010
2015
2023
GDP, current
14 107
19 536
23 312
41 291
GDP per capita, current US$
10 412
14 673
17 733
30 201
Real GDP growth, y-on-y, %
9.52
2.45
1.84
-3.02
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.64
1.74
1.76
-1.39
Exchange rate (/US$)
0.804
0.754
0.901
..
GDP by expenditure in 2022
(as % of total GDP)
52.419.129.086.787.952.419.129.086.787.9
FDI AND EXTERNAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES
More data on UNCTADstat
+3.7 %
FDI outflows as % of GDP in 2023
Financial flows
(millions of US$ unless otherwise specified)
2005
2010
2015
2023
FDI inflows
2 799.17
1 508.54
110.96
4 577.34
FDI outflows
662.83
167.13
276.96
1 505.79
Personal remittances, % of GDP
1.81
1.83
2.00
1.21
Financial flows trends
(millions of US$)
487.3470.1589.9506.8541.9570.4505.1486.5457.3543.9564.8460.7438.7357.1340.1416.3381.3392.1254.64 5771 0091053 5413 0531 4261 2771 0331115537711 5651 0051 5091 8391 8302 3111 3342 799957928289539391FDI Inwards flowsFDI Inwards flowsFDI Inwards flowsMigrant's remittances receiptsMigrant's remittances receiptsMigrant's remittances receipts
TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES
More data on UNCTADstat
Trade balance indicators²
(as % and index)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Balance, % of GDP
-5.05
6.40
3.59
0.86
Balance, % of imports
-7.17
9.34
4.96
1.12
Normalized balance
-0.037
0.045
0.024
0.006
Trade openness²
(sum of imports and exports as % of GDP)
155173160137140143145148148158165168167144117137134137136
LIVING AREA
Population by living area in 2023
(% of population)
Urban 70%Urban 70%Rural 30%Rural 30%
OTHER INDICATORS
More data on UNCTADstat
0.004 %
Share of the total world merchant fleet in 2023
Maritime transport indicators
 
2005
2010
2015
2023
Merchant fleet, national flag (thousands of DWT)
164
99
68
83
Container port throughput (TEU)
..
-
209 154
221 405
Information economy indicators
(as % of)
2005
2010
2015
2023
Share of ICT goods, % of total exports
16.89
7.89
11.88
7.01
Share of ICT goods, % of total imports
12.38
9.55
11.13
6.94
Share of workforce involved in the ICT sector
..
3.09
3.60
..
Source: UN Trade and Development, UNCTADstat (https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre)
Notes:
1
Land area refers to the total area of a country excluding area under inland water bodies. It differs from the country area, that includes area under inland water bodies, but excludes offshore territorial waters.
2
Statistics presented correspond to the 6th edition of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, 2009).
u
Estimated. Data refers to 2020.
Symbols for missing values:
0
Zero means that the amount is nil or negligible
..
No value reported or collected
_
Not applicable
...
Not available, including no quotation
#
Non-relevant calculation
-
Not publishable
***
Negative accumulation of flows; Value included in regional and global totals
Abbreviations & acronyms:
DWT:
Dead weight tons
FDI:
Foreign direct investment
GDP:
Gross domestic product
ICT:
Information and communication technology
TEU:
Twenty foot equivalent unit
US$:
United States dollar
Disclaimer:
The designations employed and the presentation of the material on the UNCTAD Data Hub do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Where the designations "economy" or "country or area" appear in texts or tables, they cover regions, countries, territories, cities or areas.

UNCTAD strives for the highest level of accuracy and is committed to promptly correcting any errors on its part. It does not guarantee or make any express or implied representations regarding the accuracy, reliability, correctness, fitness for use for a particular purpose, or otherwise, whatsoever, of any of the tables in the UNCTAD Data Hub.
Generation date: 15 April 2025